Telegraph to Twitter

Introduction The practice or the science of transmitting information from one party to the next especially through an electronic means is called communication. Communication is inevitable. It takes place in everyday life whether the people involved in the process are close to one another or far away from each other.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Telegraph to Twitter specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, it takes place consciously or unconsciously. Communication can be verbal or non-verbal. Long distance made it difficult for individuals to communicate. This, as a result, led to the invention of technology that would enable messages to be relayed over long distances. Twitter as form of communication is more appealing than telegraphy (Fang, 2012). Differences Electric telegraph is an ancient system of communication that has since been obsolete whereas twitter is a current micro blogging and a networking social system of communication service. Electric telegraphs and signals were conveyed from one locality to the next using wire as a medium of transmission (Robert, 2013). It is this signals that were translated into meaningful messages. The electric telegraph came after the non-electric telegraph which Claude Chappe invented in 1749. The non electric telegraph used sophomore which is a flagbased alphabet. The system was visual and relied heavily on a line of sight to communicate (Loretta, 2008). Samuel, F.B. Morse invented the electronic telegraph. In order to convey the message, he initially used thirty five wires containing gold electrodes. He plunged the wires into water transmitting the message on the receiving end via electrolysis. The message was enabled by the amount of gas that that came as a result of electrolysis. Morse later investigated with electromagnetic indicators in the mid nineteenth century. He got funds from a congress that saw him through with the telegraph ide a (Mary, 2013). Characters sent via a twitter message are called tweets. This was an invention from an undergraduate student at the University of New York, Jack Dorsey. His first idea was using a short text message to communicate to a small group of individuals. He created twitter in March of the year 2006 and was launched in July the same year (Vasellaro, 2008). While telegraphic information is retrieved in the form of writing in a paper, twitter is a type of communication that takes place in the internet. For one to send telegraphic information, they must have a telegraphic machine. The message is written by the sender of the message in a paper after which it is telegraphed to the receiver who also must be able to access the machine.Advertising Looking for research paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Twitter, on the other hand, relies on the internet. One is only required to log into their twee ting account to view ‘tweets’ form their followers. This can be done on a computer or via an internet enabled mobile phone (Robert, 2013). While twitter requires membership, sending a telegraph does not require one to be a registered member. Telegraphic means of communication does not require one sign up for an account in order to send or receive information. With a telegraphic machine, one is able to send information to anyone so long as they have the telegraphic machine. One can also read information sent to them without being a registered member Twitter on the other hand requires one to register as a member for one to view or post messages for others to view (Mary, 2013). Telegraphic form of communication was not flexible and convenient as compared to twitter which is flexible and convenient. Telegraphic machines are not found everywhere. One has to get them from a designated location like in a post office. This makes the process time consuming and less efficient. Tw itter, on the other hand, is faster as internet is easily accessible. One can ‘twit’ via their mobile phone, tablet or a cyber cafà ©. One can ‘twit’ while travelling, having dinner, when they are about to sleep, first thing in the morning when they wake up and even in the toilet (Robert, 2013). Such flexibility was impossible with the telegraph. Telegraphic form of communication is conventional and less attractive unlike twitter which is attractive and easy to understand. Telegraphic information is written on a paper in black and white. It is less attractive and can prove to be difficult to understand sometimes because it has no illustrations in the form of a video or photographs. Twitter, on the other hand, uses motion pictures and photographs as well as videos that keep the readers entertained. These attributes enhance the comprehension of the message. Twitter also offers its users the option of sending messages in different formats, styles and lengths. The telegraph was more restricted (Mary, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Telegraph to Twitter specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whereas twitter information transfer takes place instantly, telegraphic information does not take place instantly. When using the telegraphic form of communication, one does not get a feed back as soon as they send the information (Tom, 2009). This is because a process must take place before the receiver of the message corresponds to the message. Further, the long distance that one has to travel to access the machine also delays information. Using twitter on the other hand is an instant means of communication. A click of a button and the information is read by the receiver and replied instantly for as long as both the receiver and the sender are on the same site (Neil 1985). While telegraphic means of communication can be used to relay any amount of written information w ithout limitation twitter has a limit to the number of characters that can be sent. In the telegraphic means of communication, one can write as much information as they please and the information will reach the receiver just as sent. It gives the sender of the message a chance to express themselves in writing without limitation on the information to be sent (Loretta, 2008). As a result, it is appropriate for the formal type of communication. Twitter on the other hand has restriction on the number of character sent to the receiver. The maximum number of characters that the sender can send is 140 only. This limits one in expressing themselves (Standage 1998). Twitter can be used for advertising while the telegraphic means of communication cannot be used to advertise. Telegraphic communication technology uses written information only and has no tools for formatting. This makes it difficult to advertise. Furthermore, telegraphs are intended for few receivers. Twitter, on the other hand, is appropriate for advertising. Many individuals access the internet causing to reach a wider market. The site also provides tools that enable users to reformat their information thereby making it more attractive (Vasellaro, 2008). Telegraphic means of communication is not only used to relay messages but can be put into other uses like the telegraphic money transfers, a feature that twitter does not have. The telegraphic machine was reinvented and is able to perform other functions.Advertising Looking for research paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Western Union and Money Gram are the largest money transfer organizations which came into operation the same year that telegraphs came into operation-1851 (Tom, 2009). Twitter cannot be used for money transfers because it has not been designed to do so, furthermore, many would not consider it safe as millions of people access the site (Robert, 2013). Similarities In addition, there are a number of similarities between the two. First, both telegraph and twitter are means of communication. In both, there is a sender, a medium of communication, a channel of communication and the receiver. They are both used to relay information. They both have the same format of communication which is written message. The first message transmitted by a telegraph was â€Å"what hath God wrought† while the first message sent via twitter was â€Å"just setting up my twttr† (Loretta, 2008). The two gadgets are unlike phone, which send voice messages. In both means of communication, the sender of the message has to write or post written information which has to be transmitted to the receiver through a medium. The receiver then reads the message, understands, interpret the information then respond back in the form of a written message to the receiver, who was initially a sender (Neil 1985). Both telegraph and twitter are used to relay messages over long or short distances. Telegraphs started in the form of cables that were connected from one city to the next in 1838. Morse demonstrated the gadget by guiding an indicator through wire in Morris town. He later secured funds from a legislative body that assisted him mount a demonstration line in the middle of Baltimore and Washington DC (Tom, 2009). It was unmanageable to hide the wires below the ground and had to hang them from pole to pole. It took a long time before telegraphic cables were put through the Atlantic Ocean to connect the whole world. Twitter also uses internet cables to communicate worldwide. The use of teleg raphs and twitter has made the world a global village. For example, somebody in the United Kingdom can easily communicate with somebody in Africa clearly and easily by twitting or via a telegraph. They were both invented for one basic need-to communicate (Robert, 2013). Both telegraph and twitter started on sketchy grounds before developing into the wide networks in later years. People have come up with better ideas that have seen the technology grow from a frame to a wholesome system that ensures efficient and effective communication. Their introduction got positive responses from people who contributed positively towards their growth. Both can be accessed by any individual who wishes to use them. There are no restrictions as to who can use the technology in terms of social class or age among others (Mary 2013). Both have been used to relay important messages. During the civil war, Associated Press used a telegraph to dispatch information to various relevant offices. AP collected p residential poll results in1848 using a telegraph for the first time that saw Zachary Taylor secure victory in the presidential race. President Abraham Lincoln state union was transmitted via telegraph. The contemporary world today has seen presidential and parliamentary campaigns carried out on twitter among other social networks (Vasellaro, 2008). Technology keeps upgrading from one decade to the next. Twitter is an upgraded form of technology that has made communication easy and enjoyable making it highly preferred to telegraph in the contemporary world (Vasellaro 2008). References Fang, I. (2012). Alphabet to internet: Media in our lives (2nd Ed.). Kansas: Rada Press. Neil,P. (1985). Amusing ourselves to death: Public discourse in the age of show business. Viking: Elisabeth Sifton Books. Standage, T. (1998). The remarkable story of the telegraph and the nineteenth century’s outline pioneers. New York: Walker and Company. Loretta, O. (2008). Peek-A-Boo World. New Jersey: P aulist Press. Tom, S. (2009). The Victorian Internet: The Remarkable Story of the Telegraph and the Nineteenth Century’s On-line Pioneers. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Vasellaro, J. (2008, October 27). Twitter goes mainstream. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from online,wsj.com/article/SB22461906719455335.html. Mary, B. (2013, March 30). The history of electric telegraphic and telegraphy: The beginning of an electronic communication inventors. History 1800. Retrieved from about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/telegraph.htm. Robert, M. (2013, March 30). The invention of telegraphs changed communication forever: A communication revolution wired the world in the 19th century. History 1800. Retrieved from about.com/od/inventioninnovations/a/telegraph01.htm. This research paper on Telegraph to Twitter was written and submitted by user Jaylen Ochoa to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pakistan Versus The USA

Pakistan Versus The USA For a long period, Pakistan and the United States of America have been two nations that traditionally co-existed in peace and harmony. The two countries have always stood up for each other in the face of hardships such as wars or floods. As a matter of fact, there are absolutely no records of any war that ever took place between the United States of America and Pakistan. This paper is about factors that have been driving a wedge into the relationship of these two countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pakistan Versus The USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While some of these factors are internal or arise within the two countries, some of them are external forces that are beyond the reach and control of the two countries. In the last one or two years, the relationship between Pakistan and the USA has been torn apart by political issues and differences. One such difference is the dealing with terrorist groups and militia men who are causing turmoil in the Middle East. These groups include the Taliban and the Haqqani network. These groups have engaged in destructive acts that have created a big impact to the nation. Not only have such acts shaken the economy of the country but the political arena as well. The citizens are in constant fear due to the numerous threats issued by these groups. The question that that begs to be answered is who is to blame and why? The author of this essay strives to illustrate the point that the accusations heaped upon Pakistan by the United States of America are true. The author will achieve this by writing a commentary on an article that appeared in the New York Times on the 6th of October, 2011. The author will also rely on two other sources to further point out the fact that Pakistan is indeed responsible for much of the turmoil going on in the Middle East. Gladstone (2) argues that the Pakistan’s support of unlawful terrorist groups such as the Taliba n and the Haqqani have undermined the efforts of the United States of America to restore peace and calm in the Middle East. For instance, the alleged supply of arms and ammunition by the Pakistani to the militia groups in Afghanistan has frustrated efforts to restore law and order in the region. This is because the terrorists receive support from the Pakistani making them equally powerful and dangerous against the American and the United Nations troops. The major allegation ever made against the government of Pakistan is that it was involved in covering up the exact location of Osama Bin Laden, the then Al-Qaeda leader. This was a major shock to the international community. Whether this allegation was true or false remains a mystery, but the probability that this was the case before the death of the terrorist is high.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is bec ause quite a good number of substantial evidence confirms this. An example of this is the fact that the Pakistani community and even some local people to some extent knew the whereabouts of Osama Bin Laden. However, most of them could not disclose any information to anyone because they feared for their lives. Considering the fact that Pakistan has been the main cause of alarm in the Middle East, one would think that in order to command such respect, the country must be having a good fortune. However, this is not possible. Virtually all the buildings in the small towns of Pakistan have been brought down by war (Ahmed 5). Most former inhabitants of these ruined cities have made their way to other better places to live. A preferred destination for the emigrants has always been the neighboring Arab countries. This is because they don’t face any religious hostility. After discussing the role of Pakistan in the prevailing war in the Middle East, it now becomes necessary to look at the measure that can be taken against this country in order to stop it from promoting any more crime. In this case, it would be effective if this country would receive sanctions banning it from trading with any other country in the whole world. This act of punishment will lead to inadequacies in the country which may prompt the government to hold their horses for the sake of peace. But it is not what should be expected. Having known the Arabs only too well, it is most likely that they will keep on fighting to the last man. If anything, the sanctions imposed upon them will only aggravate them and cause them to seek for revenge. Another possible act of punishment would be to ban all travel into and outside of the country. Under normal circumstances, this step will certainly be a big blow to the Pakistanis. However, since Pakistan is a non-tourism country, it stands to lose nothing (Steven 24). This travel ban will only affect a handful of Pakistanis who are probably engaged in interna tional trade or those who plan on visiting their loved ones in foreign countries. However, the most ironic part comes in when the United States of America, after having a hard time dealing with Pakistan, still takes no disciplinary measures against them. It would be expected that the USA would take stringent measures to make the Pakistanis pay for all the pain, harm and loss of lives and property that they have had a hand in causing. Instead of disciplining them, the USA does an even more astonishing thing. Currently, the United States of America spends billions of dollars in military and civil aid to Pakistan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pakistan Versus The USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The President of the United States of America, Barrack Obama, holds the view that it would be unfair to punish vulnerable Pakistanis such as flood victims because of poor decisions made by their leaders and most specifica lly, their intelligence services (Gladstone 56). However, it is a pity that the Pakistanis authorities have failed to acknowledge this immense gratitude bestowed unto them. Instead of seeing to it that every flood and war victim has what she or he needs, they are engaged in other activities that will only worsen their situation. From the foregoing, it can be seen that Pakistan has been actively engaged in activities that have facilitated war or even created a conducive environment for war. It has been a major role player in the never-ending conflict in the Middle East. It has also been more of a war maker than a peace maker. This is because it has allied with terrorist groups such as the Taliban and the Haqqani network. It can also be seen that although there is enough evidence suggesting that Pakistan has been involved in terrorism activities, no disciplinary measures have been taken against it. Instead, the United States of America has faithfully stood with the country even as it is faced with life-threatening floods. All in all, there is need for the Pakistanis to join hands, say no to terrorism and aim at building up a politically and economically stable nation. Ahmed, Akbar. A Third Encounter of a Close Kind, History Today 39 November 1989: 4-9. Print. Gladstone, Rick. â€Å"Obama warns Pakistani on militants† The New York Times 6 October 2011: 56-57. Print. Steven, Philip. The Idea of Pakistan. New Delhi: Brookings Institution Press, 2004. Print.

A Long Way Gone

A Long Way Gone Shame BEA was an Innocent boy who enjoyed playing football, swimming in the streams, and even started a rap and dance group with his friends and older brother. The group discovered their love for rap music from old cassette tapes of O. P. P, Run D. M. C, and the Sugarbird Gang. Shame and Junior, along with their other friends cherished these few hip hop and rap cassette tapes. Shame constantly carried these couple tapes on him at all times. They choreographed dance routines and memorized all of the lyrics. The boys also entered a talent show In a close town.Shame, Junior, Tallow, and Mohamed have been singing and dancing to rap music since they first formed the group when Shame was only eight years old. They learned of rap during a visit to Mobile, where their fathers worked for an American company. They were transfixed by the music and returned to Mobile as often as they could to watch rap on their big television. Shame was shocked mostly because the black men could speak English so well and so quickly to the beat (Lisa). Shame and his group were inspired by the rap music. Music represented Seamless transformation Into the modern world.The entire group Is mesmeric by rap musicians. Music became a way to escape reality of the war, express themselves by writing lyrics, and it eventually saves their lives. Shame and the boys all worked together as a group to create music. They also started changing the way they would dress, act, and speak to be like these musicians. Shame and his friends were Just like any ordinary innocent group of young boys wanting to be like famous musicians. This Is why many readers of the book are attracted to Seamless character, because he is very relatable. Shame, Junior.Tallow, and Mohamed remind me of myself when I was their age (Essen). I would gather my neighborhood friends and pretend we were each a different member of Destinys Child. Just like Seamless group of friends, we would play dress up to look like them, attempt to memorize their dances, and mimic exactly how Destiny Child would act. My friends and I even had battles against my older brother and his group of friends who literally thought they were the real members of the boy band, NCSC. This goes to show exactly how young and innocent Shame and his friends really were. Throughout the book, A Long wayGone, rap music plays an extremely important role in saving Seamless life. While the boys are traveling one day, a group of large, muscular men Jump out from the bushes, holding up their machetes and hunting rifles. These men are the voluntary guards of the village and were ordered by their chief to bring Shame and his friends back to the village. They are Immediately tied up In the village and questioned. Even though the boys continue to Insist they are not rebel soldiers, the chief does not believe them. The chief would not believe the boys until they discovered a rap cassette tape in Seamless pocket.The chief forces Shame to explain the rap music. Shame was instructed to sing and dance to O. P. P by Naughty by Nature and l Need Love by AL Cool J. The chief is still cautious of the boys until a young boy from the village admits to knowing Shame and his friends. The boys are untied and the village surprisingly feeds them and even offers them a place to stay. Knowing that Shame should have been happy that the boy saved his life, but he could not be happy because he believed that happiness was fragile. The other boys tried to cheerShame up by playing Bob Marbles Three Little Birds and singing him the lyrics dont worry about a thing, cause every little thing is goanna be all right (Lisa). Seamless first breakthrough in rehabilitation at the Benign House was when his nurse, Esther, buys him rap cassette tapes and a cassette player. He was upset about it at first, but once the music hit his ears, Shame started opening up talking about his past for the first time to Esther. He talked about when he was shot in the foot during battle and needed the bullets surgically removed without anesthesia.He explains how he was given cocaine after fainting from the pain and how he also had to kill the men who shot him. Esther was crying sympathetically and comforts him (Nassau). Every time that Esther uses music in Seamless therapy, he is able to talk about his memories. Eventually, he starts looking forwarded to his therapy sessions with Esther. She encourages him to start writing music again and gives him a notepad. Shame does not trust anyone, because he is used to relying on himself to survive. This lack of trust in anyone is due to Shame being betrayed by the only arson that he did trust, the lieutenant.When Esther tries to gain a friendship with Shame, he avoided it at first. Every time he thinks about memories of his childhood, he gets a headache from the war flashbacks. The only thing that seemed to help him gain a peaceful mind was the music. When Shame loses himself in the beat off song, he is avoiding thinking about the painful memories of war. It was the music that helped him heal and to open up about his past. Shame has another breakthrough when he actually trusts Esther for the first time.

The Professional Workplace Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Professional Workplace Dilemma - Essay Example I also had a duty to the company to correct the problem as it had resulted in unproductive workers "working the process" to give the illusion of an acceptable level of work. It was damaging to company profits as well as employee morale. There was also the obligation I had to myself, which was to do the right thing and present a creative solution when I pointed out the problem. I felt confident confronting this issue, for as Vallance (1995) points out, "Ordinary decency and distributive justice are, then, the central ethical principals of corporate governance" (p. 135). Initially I pointed out the problem to Pamela, my immediate supervisor. She could readily see what the issue was and was in total agreement that the problem needed addressed. I offered her a simple and elegant solution. I later met with Christy, Pamela's manager, and reiterated the same information I had presented in the earlier meeting. Christy said she would meet with Jeff, the newly hired manager who had initiated the flawed system. I was careful to communicate that the cost to the company, as well as the treatment of my small staff and co-workers, was unacceptable. Later, Christy advised me that Jeff would not consider changing the error and further had refused to meet with me. Christy strongly suggested I drop the subject and not risk my own career by pursuing a meeting or discussing t his with my employees and peers. Analyzing the Dilemma Because each successive layer of management involved had more authority than the preceding one, it put me at a great disadvantage. I was relatively powerless and my only leverage was the relationship I had with my workers and our excellent work record. However, keeping quiet and accepting the flawed system did not seem to be an option for me. My instinct told me that the issue needed to be corrected to be fair to all employees as well as create a benefit for the company by not rewarding the most unethical employees. I also had an ethical obligation to protect my job and provide myself with a livelihood. I valued fairness, truth, and the rewarding of honest work and found that accepting the current system would leave me with a feeling that I had been indifferent, and had not done all I could to correct the issue. I perceived two options, both that risked compromising my own values and sense of ethics. I could do nothing, live with the indifference, and protect my job and career. This avenue seemed selfish and unacceptable. I also had the option of pursuing the problem at the risk of my personal well being. There was only a small chance that I might succeed and a real threat of termination. I decided to enlist the support of my workers and peers on the issue and had several conversations with them in reference to the inherent unfairness of the new system. It had become clear that I would either get the formula changed for the benefit of everyone, or be let go to the detriment of myself. My limited authority and power were ineffective at altering management's top-down directive leadership style or their unreasonable policy. The Outcome of the Dilemma Though I was able to get the support of the workers and other middle managers, that small power base was not adequate to deal with the authority of the upper staff. It further aggravated the situation and resulted in an acrimonious attitude towards me. I was viewed as a troublemaker

Universal healthcare the only answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Universal healthcare the only answer - Essay Example Healthcare is a human right, also in the Constitution under life liberty and the pursuit of happiness, but many Americans do not feel its benefits. Universal healthcare is the only answer because it will also save money. â€Å"We can eliminate wasteful inefficiencies such as duplicate paper work, claim approval, insurance submission, etc. We can develop a centralized national database which makes diagnosis and treatment easier for doctors† (Universal, 2009). There are many reasons to support universal healthcare supported by community health principles. Universal healthcare is about representing a true community healthcare principle of access for all, not just for all who can afford it. In terms of base arguments, supporters of national healthcare tend to argue that there should be a single-payer system in which healthcare is financed by the government but the government does not take control of the system in a way that diminishes privatized options. But on the other hand, â€Å"The current crisis in the U.S. healthcare system may be more one of perception than fact. While it is true that in certain areas of the country and for some segments of the population there are real healthcare access and coverage problems, coverage is available in most places and for most individuals. The magnitude of the crisis may not be significant enough to justify the major changes in the healthcare delivery system that will result from present reform proposals† (Kalkhof, 1994). It is the recommendation of this report that the current system of managed care observed at modern healthcare facilities should be changed from a consumer-based platform to a patient-based platform in which there is universal coverage and a renewed attention to upholding patient rights. â€Å"According to principles of American paternalism, no American should go without food and water, shelter, clothing, sanitary facilities, protection, physically and legal, equal opportunity,

Pleasantville the use of colour Essay Example for Free

Pleasantville the use of colour Essay Discuss why the film makers decided to use both black and white and colour in Pleasantville  Pleasantville was released in September 1998 but is set mostly in a 1950s sitcom after the main characters are sent into a televison because the two main characters, David and Jennifer broke their television remote; disabling their television. Gary Ross uses colour to make the viewer think about important events in history, to put across some important messages and also, using colour small referances are made throughout the film to historical events. His main messages are about communism and the mcarthy era in the 1940s to 50s, the black rights movement and a sense of an idealistic reality. This is all shown by the gradual changing of the colour of objects and people in Pleasantville. The Mcarthy era was a time during the cold war from the late 1940s to the late 1950s where America was afraid of communism. It was named to critisize the actions and followers or Senitor Mcarthy who lead many political witch hunts, however the mcarthy period extended back before Senetor Mcarthy had a part in it and the term is used to generalise this period in time. In these political hunts, anyone could be acused of being a communist, especially government members and people in the entertainment industry (like Gary Ross father who was also a director). These people could have everything taken away from them, and many jobs were lost in America due to these witch hunts, the people in question would be thrown infront of a jury and be forced to confess other communists and how the person in question had broken the law. This is shown when Bud (the main character played by Toby Maguire) and Mr.Jonson (the local shop owner) is taken and has been put on trial, without a lawyer and a chance to defend themselves. They are taken because they were coloured and did not conform with Code of Public Conduct which was established when the black and white inhabitants of Pleasantville are scared of change and being in colour, much like the people in the Mcarthy era. The people of the Mcarthy era were scared of change, they saw change and wanting freedom a way of rebelling and wanting to overthrow the left wing, democratic government. This is very hypocritical as America portrayed itself to be The leader of the free world. Many things were done to stop this, for example when the black and white people of Pleasantville smashed the coloured stain glass window with a bench. The use of colour in this case is shown to divide the two groups of people: the new generation of people, open to change and not scared of the future (the coloured people) and the older fashioned generation, set in their ways and afraid of change (the black and white people). The other major historical event pictured is the major African-American civil rights movement in the late 1950s. This is depicted by coloured people (signfying the African American people) being segregated from the black and white people (signifying the white), this is evident in the courtroom scene colour divided scenes, very much like the relationship between white supremists and the black population of America at that time.

Two Great Works :: essays research papers fc

Two Great Works Thesis Statement: The morals and themes in both the book and the movie are parallel in the story of racism and Alabama life in the 1930’s told through a young girl’s eyes (Scout). I. Introduction A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Comparing the book to the movie B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Challenges of director II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Differences between movie and book   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characters   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aunt Alexandra   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Miss Maudie   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Morals and themes of the book the are same III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deletions of situations that appear in book and not in the movie A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mrs. Dubose and Jem’s lesson 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Atticus’s lesson 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  courage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tom Robinson’s trial   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  left hand on the bible   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cup toss   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  affect on audience   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Passing of time   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  two years in book   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  one year in movie IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Similarities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Morals   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Themes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  innocence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  prejudices V.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion Garcia 1 Two Great Works It is funny how when some infinitesimal facts, situations, and characters are changed in the making of a movie from a book, the morals are changed and concepts are not fully understood. This however, is not the case when comparing the book To Kill A Mockingbird to the movie To Kill A Mockingbird. The morals and themes in both the book and the movie are parallel in the story of racism and Alabama life in the 1930’s told through a young girl’s eyes (Scout). A director has many challenges to overcome when making a book into a movie because of the simple fact that the visual pleasure one gets is different from the pleasure of reading that an audience gets. Therefore, deletions, combinations of characters, and changing of scenes is necessary in order to correctly adapt a film to a book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many differences between the movie and the book. While watching a movie, one can not keep track of as many characters as when reading a book. A book takes a lot longer than two and a half hours to read, which is about as long as or longer than most movies. Since there is only a short time to comprehend characters, the shorter the list, the better. In the book there was a character named Aunt Alexandra. Aunt Alexandra is Atticus’s sister and moves in with Atticus, Scout, and Jem in order to help raise the children. In the movie, Miss Maudie helps atticus raise the children and helps teach Scout to become a lady. Though Miss Maudie is also in the book, the movie combines Miss Maudie and Aunt Alexandra into just Miss Maudie. The deletion of Aunt Alexandra had not real negative impact or decline of worth on the movie. It did not change any of the morals or themes that were adapted from the book to the film.

Economics Commentary

Economics Internal Assessment Writing a Commentary on News article Task 1 Headline: Pharmaceutical giant Paladol misjudge its market by raising the price on its best-selling headache relief tablet. Price elasticity of demand (PED) is a measure of the responsiveness or sensitivity of consumers to a change in the price of a particular good. In this article, Paladol raised the price of its product, which was a mistake; there are a lot of other medicines for a headache and most of them would be cheaper which is what Paladol should have considered before raising their price.PED= Percentage change in quantity demandedPercentage change in price=%? QD%? P Cross-price elasticity of demand (XED) measures the responsiveness of consumers of a particular good to a change in the price of a related good, both complements and substitutes. In this article, however, we will be focusing more on the substitute goods. XED= Percentage change in quantity of good APercentage change in price of good B=%? QA% ? PB Substitute goods are goods or products that one might easily use in place of another; because they’re so similar, an increase in the price of one may lead consumers to switch consumption to the substitute.The substitution effect (which underlies the law of demand) states that as the price of a good decreases, consumers switch from other goods to this good because its price is comparatively lower. As the price of Paladol increases we can see the substitute effect, people switching from Paladol which is expensive to Tylonel, for example; because its price is still the same which is cheaper than Paladol. Demand is a curve showing the various amounts of a product consumers want and can purchase at different  prices  during a specific period of time.When Paladol increased its price for a particular headache relief medicine, consumers responded by decreasing their purchase of that expensive product, which decreased the quantity demanded; a movement up and left along the de mand curve. Consumers will now demand another good that is cheaper, a substitute, for example tylonel. Graph A represents Paladol. As the price increase for the product the supply decreases (a shift of the supply curve to the left) because the producers want to make more profit and increase their total revenue.However, the demand is slowly decreasing for Paladol as people realize that there are cheaper headache relief medicines; a movement up and left along the demand curve as was mentioned earlier. So, consumers start switching to substitute goods. Graph B represents Tylonel (a substitute good for Paladol). As the demand for Paladol decreases, the demand for tylonel starts increasing; a shift of the demand curve to the right. This happens as it’s less costly for consumers.The total revenue for Paladol will definitely decrease due to the decrease in quantity purchased and that will also decrease their profit as the cost is now more than the sales. However, the total revenue f or Tylonel will now increase in response to the decrease in Paladol’s decrease of quantity demanded. Paladol misjudged their market by thinking it has a relatively inelastic demand and that if they increased their prices a little it won’t change the quantity demanded by much.A firm producing at a quantity and price combination along the inelastic range of its demand curve can always benefit by reducing its output and increasing its price, since consumers will be relatively unresponsive and total revenues will therefore increase—that didn’t work well with Paladol. As their demand wasn’t inelastic, that plan couldn’t work out for them. They had a relatively elastic demand and one of the reasons of why they have an elastic demand is that they have a lot of substitute goods and competition in that particular good (headache relief medicines are very common).As a result of this misjudgment made by them, the quantity demanded decreased and caused a decrease in the total revenue and profit made by Paladol as well. Due to their bad decision, Paladol will certainly suffer a loss which is a decrease in total revenue. However, their competition (firm of substitute goods) will gain more consumers thus increasing their total revenue. The consumers won’t suffer or in other words they won’t be affected by Paladol’s decision to raise their price as they will have many substitutes to choose from.As Paladol is producing at an output and price combination along the elastic range, the firm could benefit if they change their prices again, this time by lowering them since consumers are relatively price sensitive and the percentage increase in quantity sold will exceeded the percentage decrease in price, improving the firm’s revenue figures and giving Paladol a competitive advantage over the market of headache medicines once again.

Elmo makes Music Essay

Sesame Street live concerts are known for providing kinetic shows which feature interactivity for children. The â€Å"Sesame Street Live: Elmo Makes Music† concert, was held at the Memorial Auditorium on January 16, 2009. The show consisted of two acts, comprised of multiple skits each. This format allowed for a rapidly changing mix of sets and costumes, which help to foster a sense of excitement and expectancy for the audience. The combination of visual and musical expression — each with many quick-paced variations — explored the universality which is implied in music, expressed at a level which even small children could understand. One of the key elements of the Sesame Street live shows is the presentation of music as a spectrum of feelings and colors. To this end, the musical numbers provided a great range of styles and moods, from dance-numbers to more pensive, introspective melodies. The participatory aspect of the show is also a key to its resonance and high entertainment value. By offering music which features bold, often simple melodies and stark, expressionistic musical tones, the children in the audience are able to rely on their natural instinct to clap, shout, and sing-along. In this way, ‘Sesame Street live: Elmo Makes Music’ has a special musical message for the children, which is that music is a part of each and every one of them. no matter their particular place or station in life. By encouraging children to sing along, or to participate in the show by using their hands and stamping feet to keep the rhythm of the music, the show promotes a sense of integration and communal experience which is ure to last far beyond the confines of the concert hall. Additionally, because the premise of the show was based upon continual surprise, the children in the audience are left with a sense of open-possibilities and wonder. For example, the plot of the show centers around the idea that the actual band that was supposed to perform could not do so, because the truck with all of the music teacher’s instruments did not arrive on time. Accordingly, the whole show focuses around surprising Jenny, the music teacher who was upset because of her missing music instruments. The sesame street cast members decided to form their own band by creating percussion instruments and such, out of articles that they found, and could produce sound with. This is an obvious â€Å"allegory† for the individual talents and capacities that each person holds within them; taken together, as a community, these capacities and talents make â€Å"music† which can also be seen as social harmony and cultural understanding. Specific songs included the rhyming poetically based ‘Sunny Days’ Sesame Street theme, as well as ‘What Makes Music’, and the popular ‘Who Are the People in your Neighborhood’. There was also a saucy little number called the Cookie Crumba Rumba which lent a sultry, rumba beat to the program. Since the Rumba is a romantic dance that uses a lot of hip action and body movement, I leave it to your imagination to picture the comical aspects of this particular musical performance. Historically the rumba requires the performer to show plenty of emotion, and the fake heads were stuck in permanent grins, which made it even funnier. The Alphabet Dance, Fuzzy and Blue and Elmo’s World concluded Act I. In Act II the band led off with Together we will Make Music, and this was followed by a hilarious Bert and Ernie’s version of the famous Bee Gees Disco movie Boogie nights. Bert was dressed up in the memorable John Travolta white polyester suit. Other numbers such as Triangle Cheer and a very lively Rockin’ Robin were especially fun. Percussion instruments definitely predominated, with an occasional wind instrument, as in the Honk Bang Whistle and Crash, skit. Thank You for the Music was somewhat reminiscent of the Carol Burnett theme, ‘So Glad we had this Time Together’. The last scene the new music teacher Jenny joins in, with the official Sesame Street Band. The concert was a treat for the children, and the most difficult part of all for parents seemed to be explaining to their children why they could not join their friends on stage. Elmo Makes Music invited audience participation, and the children were thrilled to use their voices to sing, and their feet and hands to produce sounds as their own personal percussion instruments, to keep time with the beat and tempo. Because the overall theme of the show is that of communal inclusion, the mechanics and techniques used in creating the aesthetic approach of the show gives the show a sense of wholeness and authenticity.

The Economic Impact of Terrorism on September 11

The Economic Impact of Terrorism on September 11 The economic impact of terrorism can be calculated from a variety of perspectives. There are direct costs to property and immediate effects on productivity as well as longer-term, indirect costs of responding to terrorism. These costs can be calculated quite minutely; for example, calculations have been made about how much money would be lost in productivity if we all had to stand in line at the airport for an extra hour every time we flew. (Not as much as we think, but the line of reasoning finally provides a rationale for the unreasonable fact that first class passengers wait less. Maybe someone is guessing, rightly, that an hour of their time costs more than an hour of others). Economists and others have tried to calculate the economic impact of terrorism for years in areas beset by attacks, such as Spains Basque region and Israel. In the last several years, most analyses of terrorisms economic costs begin with an interpretation of the costs of the September 11, 2001, attacks. The studies examined are fairly consistent in concluding that the direct costs of the attack were less than feared. The size of the American economy, a speedy response by the Federal Reserve to domestic and global market needs, and Congressional allocations to the private sector helped cushion the blow. The response to the attacks, however, has been costly indeed. Defense and homeland security spending are by far the largest cost of the attack. However, as economist Paul Krugman has asked, should the expenditure on ventures such as the Iraq war really be considered a response to terrorism, or a political program enabled by terrorism. The human cost, of course, is incalculable. Direct Economic Impact of Terrorist Attack The direct cost of the September 11 attack has been estimated at somewhat over $20 billion. Paul Krugman cites a property loss estimate by the Comptroller of the City of New York of $21.8 billion, which he has said is about 0.2 % of the GDP for a year (The Costs of Terrorism: What Do We Know? presented at Princeton University in December 2004). Similarly, the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) estimated that the attack cost the private sector $14 billion and the federal government $0.7 billion, while clean-up was estimated at $11 billion. According to R. Barry Johnston and Oana M. Nedelscu in the IMF Working Paper, The Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets, these numbers are equal to about 1/4 of 1 percent of the US annual GDPapproximately the same result arrived at by Krugman. So, although the numbers by themselves are substantial, to say the least, they could be absorbed by the American economy as a whole. Economic Impact on Financial Markets New Yorks financial markets never opened on September 11 and reopened a week later for the first time on September 17. The immediate costs to the market were due to damage to the communications and other transaction processing systems that had been located in the World Trade Center. Although there were immediate repercussions in world markets, based on the uncertainty engendered by the attacks, recovery was relatively swift. Economic Impact of Defense and Homeland Security Spending Defense and security spending increased by a massive amount in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. Glen Hodgson, the Deputy Chief Economist for the EDC (Export Development Canada) explained the costs in 2004: The US alone now spends about US $500 billion annually20 percent of the US federal budgeton departments directly engaged in combating or preventing terrorism, most notably Defense and Homeland Security. The Defense budget increased by one-third, or over $100 billion, from 2001 to 2003 in response to the heightened sense of the threat of terrorism – an increase equivalent to 0.7 per cent of US GDP. Expenditures on defense and security are essential for any nation, but of course they also come with an opportunity cost; those resources are not available for other purposes, from spending on health and education to reductions in taxes. A higher risk of terrorism, and the need to combat it, simply raises that opportunity cost. Krugman asks, regarding this expenditure: The obvious, but perhaps unanswerable, question is to what extent this additional security spending should be viewed as a response to terrorism, as opposed to a political program enabled by terrorism. Not to put too fine a point on it: the Iraq war, which seems likely to absorb about 0.6 percent of America’s GDP for the foreseeable future, clearly wouldn’t have happened without 9/11. But was it in any meaningful sense a response to 9/11? Economic Impact on Supply Chains Economists also assess terrorisms impact on global supply chains, the sequence of steps that suppliers of goods take to get products from one area to another. These steps can become extremely costly in terms of time and money when extra layers of security at ports and land borders are added to the process. According to the OECD, higher transportation costs could have an especially negative effect on emerging economies that have benefited from a decrease in costs in the last decade and thus on countries ability to combat poverty. It does not seem entirely far-fetched to imagine that in some instances, barriers meant to safeguard populations from terrorism would actually amplify the risk: poor countries that might have to slow exports because of the cost of security measures are at a greater risk because of the effects of poverty, of political destabilization, and of radicalization among their populations.

The Game of Hex - An Interim Report Dissertation

The Game of Hex - An Interim Report - Dissertation Example Project Aims/Objectives The aim of the project is to implement a Hex game using NxN board, where N depicts the number of hexes in a side. The player would be able to specify the number of hexagons on a side i.e. size of board that will be used in the game. The board would be diamond shaped. The gaming mode could also be selected i.e. the two players could be two humans, a human against the system or two systems against each other with opposite sides. The player will select a side. If white is selected, then the player himself begins, else the opponent (player or system) plays the first move. Project Requirements The requirements of this project are divided into three parts: 1. Essential requirements The development language for the project would be Java (oracle JDeveloper 11). All functionalities will be developed using JDeveloper 11. AI algorithm called MCTS algorithm shall be used to support the high level of knowledge required by the Hex game. MCTS shall be implemented on the Hex game board whereon the data structures would be transferred. The game would have playing options. These options will be implemented though MCTS. The game will be played by two human players, or one human against the system. 2. Recommended requirements A new playing mode option can be added. In this playing mode, the game would be played between two systems. Adobe flash player can be used for designing a helper application to guide computer players as to how to play the Hex game. The guide would be simple enough to assist anyone in learning the game rules and playing. 3. Optional requirement: The MCTS algorithm which is used for building this game shall be compared with another... The board is rhombus shaped consisting of an array of hexagons. The optimal suggested size for rhombuses is 14x14. However, the size could vary. After choosing a one of the two colors (e.g. black or white), each player takes turn to place a piece on any one of the unoccupied hex. The goal of the game is that a player has to connect the two opposite sides of the board with an unbroken chain of his/her colored pieces. For a player that selected white, a chain of white pieces has to run from one edge to the other. Similarly, for the player with black pieces, a connected chain of pieces has to run across the other two edges (Figure 1-a). There is no predefined path for the chain. It can freely twist and turn on its path between the two edges. The player with white pieces always makes the beginning move. The strategy of Hex is such that the winning moves may be different for every player and the game never ends in a draw. One player always wins. This is due to Brouwer fixed-point theorem for 2D squares. Computer programs where a game of two players is solved generally comprise of exploration of a hierarchy of positions on the board. This hierarchy (called game tree) is a tree with a root, where its nodes represents the valid position on the board and the edges represent the valid moves. The extensive techniques for game-tree search developed over the last 3 to 4 decades are mostly aimed at programming Chess.

Marcus Garvey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marcus Garvey - Essay Example Marcus Garvey a Jamaican saw the predicament of his people and joined Jamaican Nationalist Organization (Haugen 3). He valued the rights of his people and sought for an approach that would liberate his people from the tyranny of racial discrimination. Garvey toured many nations i.e. London, Central America, Jamaica, and United States of America among others. He was motivated by the predicaments of his people to form a civil right movement that intended to deliver the blacks from psychological bondage of racism. This paper analyses choices, motivation, and strategy of non-violent campaign and the leadership style of Marcus Garvey. Garvey’s approach to racial discrimination and colonialism in Africa and the rest of the world relied on his love for the black race. History quotes that he believed that Africans were able to compete with the whites for the top jobs (Haugen 8). The most pressing need that inspired Garvey to rally against the independence of Africans was taking contro l of their own destiny. He believed that Africans would improve their lives when they took control of their own destiny by instituting their own leaders. Garvey used UNIA as a tool that would bring the blacks together under one umbrella to address their social, economic, and freedom issues. For instance, the UNIA Conference held on 1 August 1920 intended to equip the African leaders with the conscious they required in order to fight for their independence (Haugen 6). The deliberation in the conference as expressed through the opening speech of Garvey shows that Garvey sought to change the conditions of life of Africans through a united movement. Garvey’s uses his own life a model that would shape the lives of the blacks. It is evident from his speech that his personal life motivated him to leadership position. His wish was to mould similar mind, which emulate his ideologies throughout the world. â€Å"I came from an environment that is not better than you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hill & Garvey 45). The above is one of the quotes that he made during a gathering where he was addressing blacks. The nature of life in Jamaica and psychological inferiority of the blacks in the United States played a motivational role in influencing the writing, political and social life of Garvey. History documents that Garvey made unique choices in his political movement and social life. For instance, his letter to Theodore Roosevelt portrays an inclusive leadership approach that aim at promoting peace as well as quest for primary rights such democracy in the society. Garvey believed in freedom movements, which advocates for basic human rights through peaceful negotiation. He fought for black pride, which he believed, would come from education and self-realization. Another unique choice that he made during his leadership is to influence the opening of UNIA offices across the world where the blacks existed (Lawler & Davenport 85). This choice posed a great threat to his personal life as well as the governments that oppressed the blacks. The choice to meet the leaders of Ku Klux Kean is unique in the sense that the organization was against liberation of the black. Critical analysis into the leadership style of Garvey takes us to the transformational leadership style. In transformation leadership, four factors form the basis of transformational leadership. These factors are inspiration leadership, charismatic leadership, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation. Garvey intention was to rally intellectualism in creating leadership for Africa and the Negroes. He addressed large audience and insisted on the need for education as the foundation for freedom for the blacks (Haugen 4). Another observation is the charisma in his approach to political issues of